Summary and analysis of total auricle reconstruction in adult microtia patients / 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of auricle reconstruction in adult patients with microtia and summarize the experience. Methods: Clinical data of adult patients with microtia who underwent total auricle reconstruction using the modified Nagata's two stage for microtia reconstruction from June 2016 to June 2021 were analyzed. A total of 41 adult patients (42 ears) with microtia were enrolled, including 30 males and 11 females, with the median age at the time of surgery of 37 years. Autogenous costal cartilage was used as the auricular framework for all patients in this group. The first stage surgery was performed according to the modified Nagata's two stage for microtia reconstruction procedure,cartilage auricular framework carving was performed by different methods according to the ossification state of adult costal cartilage. Six months following the primary operation, ear elevation and cranioauricular angle formation, retroauricular facial flap transfer and medium-thick skin grafting were performed in the second stage. Results: All patients successfully completed two stage operation. During the follow-up of 3 months and 24 months, all the 41 patients were satisfied with the morphology of reconstructed auricle. Conclusion: According to the costal cartilage status of adult patients, different costal cartilage carving techniques can be used for total auricle reconstruction to obtain ideal surgical results.

Research progress on prevention and local intervention of oral mucositis in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation / 中华口腔医学杂志

Oral mucositis (OM) is a common complication during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. When OM occurs, with the destruction of oral mucosal barrier function, the formation of oral bacterial environment is accelerated, which has a negative impact on the life quality and clinical outcomes of patients. OM can be prevented by keeping the oral cavity clean, using the mouthwash properly, and limiting the delivery of cytotoxic drugs to oral tissues. This review describes the research progress on the prevention and local intervention of OM in patients with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, in order to provide ideas for the selection of clinical intervention and management strategies on OM, and to provide references for exploring effective management methods for OM.

Comparison of clinical effect and postopertaive incisions between No-touch technique and traditional retractor in treating calcaneal fracture / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare clinical efficacy of No-touch technique and traditional retractor in treating calcaneal fracture.@*METHODS@#Clinical data of 74 calcaneal fracture patients with closed Sanders typeⅡ to Ⅳ were retrospectively analyzed from July 2019 to June 2021. According to different treatment methods, the patients were divided into No-touch group and conventional group, 37 patinets in each group. In No-touch group, there were 25 males and 12 females, aged from 19 to 70 years old with an average of (42.64±14.16) years old;17 patients were typeⅡ, 14 patinets with type Ⅲ, 6 patients with type Ⅳ according to Sanders fracture classification;three 2.0 mm Kirschner wires were implanted into the talus body, talus neck, and cuboid bone, and the flap was turned upward to expose the operation area. In conventional group, there were 30 males and 7 females, aged from 19 to 67 years old with an average of (41.56±11.38) years old;17 patients with typeⅡ, 12 patients with type Ⅲ, 8 patients with type Ⅳ according to Sanders fracture classification;the operation was completed by exposing the operation area with traditional retractor. Operation time, postoperative incision complications, postoperaive American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle hind foot score at 6 months between two groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#Seventy-four patients were followed up, and follow-up time in No-touch group ranged from 6 to 17 months with an average of(9.57±2.72) months, while in conventional group ranged from 6 to 16 months with an averge of(9.14±2.71) months, and no difference in follow-up between two groups (P>0.05). Operation time in No-touch group (55.67±7.94) min was shorter than that in conventional group (70.16±9.41) min (P<0.05);four patients in No-touch group occurred incision complications, while 8 patients in normal group, and had statistically difference(P<0.05). Daily activities and support, maximum walking distance (block), ground walking, limited degree of flexion, extension and valgus, foot alignment and total score of AOFAS scores in No-touch group was significantly higher than that of conventional group (P<0.05). There were no significant difference in pain degree, abnormal gait and ankle hind foot stability between two groups(P>0.05). According to AOFAS score, 19 patients got excellent result, 16 good and 2 poor in No-touch group;while 9 excellent, 24 good, and 4 poor in conventional group, and no difference between two groups (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Compared with traditional retractor in treating calcaneal fracture, No-touch technology could significantly shorten operation time, reduce incidence of postopertive complications, while two methods could improve excellent and good rate of ankle joint function recovery after operation.

Advances in clinical and safety studies of phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors / 药学学报

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) is an important member of the phosphodiesterase enzyme family that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), activates the downstream phosphorylation cascade pathway by altering cAMP concentration, and is strongly associated with multiple diseases. Inhibition of PDE4 is clinically investigated as a therapeutic strategy in a broad range of disease areas, including respiratory system diseases, autoimmune disorders, central nervous system diseases, and dermatological conditions. However, the incidence of adverse reactions such as nausea and vomiting is relatively high in the marketed PDE4 inhibitors, which has stalled their clinical development. In this review, we provide an overview of the clinical progression and safety issues of the marketed PDE4 inhibitors. We also review the main causes underlying PDE4-mediated adverse effects by combining the structural analysis of the PDE4 protein, the mechanism of action of PDE4 inhibitors, and the related side effect mechanism research, aiming to provide a reference for the development of safe and effective PDE4 inhibitors.

Pre-treatment drug resistance of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals in Wenzhou / 预防医学

Objective@#To know the pre-treatment drug resistance ( PDR ) status of newly reported human immunodeficiency virus type 1 ( HIV-1 ) infected individuals in Wenzhou, so as to provide guidance for antiretroviral therapy ( ART ). @*Methods@# Totally 232 plasma samples of newly reported HIV-1 infected individuals who had not received ART were collected in Wenzhou in 2019. Virus ( HIV-1 ) RNA was extracted, followed by reverse transcription PCR and nested PCR to amplify the pol region and sequence. Resistance mutations and resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NNRTIs ), nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ( NRTIs ) and protease inhibitors ( PIs ) was analyzed.@*Results@#The pol region sequences from 199 infected patients were obtained and the incidence of PDR was 8.04% ( 16/199 ). Eight genotypes were detected, including circulating recombinant forms ( CRFs ) CRF07_BC ( 47.24%, 94/199 ) and CRF01_AE ( 29.15%, 58/199 ) which were the dominant types. Two unique recombinant forms ( URFs ) were detected, namely URF( CRF01_AE/BC ) and URF( B/C ) . Thirty-one cases ( 15.58% 31/199 ) had drug-resistant mutations. For NNRTIs, NRTIs and PIs, 20 cases ( 64.52% ) , 2 cases ( 6.45% ) and 9 cases ( 29.03% ) with drug resistance mutations were detected, respectively. The resistance mutations to NNRTIs included K101E, K103N/R, V106I, E138K, V179D/E/T, Y181C, G190A and H221Y. Four cases each had two resistance mutations to NNRTIs. The resistance mutations to NRTIs were V75M and M184V. The resistance mutations to PIs were M46I, L33F and Q58E. For the newly released NNRTI drug Doravirine ( DOR ), two cases were found to have mutations of resistance. @*Conclusions@#The incidence of PDR among newly reported HIV-1 patients in Wenzhou is 8.04%, mainly caused by NNRTIs drug-resistant mutation. Resistance to the new drug DOR has emerged. The surveillance of drug resistance should continue to be strengthened.

Effects of Shuanghuanglian oral liquids on patients with COVID-19: a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled, multicenter clinical trial / 医学前沿

We conducted a randomized, open-label, parallel-controlled, multicenter trial on the use of Shuanghuanglian (SHL), a traditional Chinese patent medicine, in treating cases of COVID-19. A total of 176 patients received SHL by three doses (56 in low dose, 61 in middle dose, and 59 in high dose) in addition to standard care. The control group was composed of 59 patients who received standard therapy alone. Treatment with SHL was not associated with a difference from standard care in the time to disease recovery. Patients with 14-day SHL treatment had significantly higher rate in negative conversion of SARS-CoV-2 in nucleic acid swab tests than the patients from the control group (93.4% vs. 73.9%, P = 0.006). Analysis of chest computed tomography images showed that treatment with high-dose SHL significantly promoted absorption of inflammatory focus of pneumonia, which was evaluated by density reduction of inflammatory focus from baseline, at day 7 (mean difference (95% CI), -46.39 (-86.83 to -5.94) HU; P = 0.025) and day 14 (mean difference (95% CI), -74.21 (-133.35 to -15.08) HU; P = 0.014). No serious adverse events occurred in the SHL groups. This study illustrated that SHL in combination with standard care was safe and partially effective for the treatment of COVID-19.

Application of Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score in Acute Achilles Tendon Rupture / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective:To explore the validity of Achilles Tendon Total Rupture Score (ATRS) for rehabilitation after Achilles tendon rupture. Methods:From January, 2012 to December, 2016, 50 patients with acute Achilles tendon rupture were enrolled. The original table of ATRS was translated, organized and evaluated to obtain the ATRS consensus version. At the 1st month, 2nd month, 3rd month, 6th month and 12th month follow-up, the scores of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle-hindfoot scale (AOFAS-AH) and ATRS were recorded. Results:Three patients were dropped out. The scores of both AOFAS-AH and ATRS increased with time, and gradually became flat. The total score of AOFAS-AH was significantly positively correlated with the total score of ATRS (ρ = 0.961, P < 0.001). Conclusion:ATRS can be used in evaluating the functional recovery of Achilles tendon repair.

Crebanine N-oxide, a natural aporphine alkaloid isolated from Stephania hainanensis, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effects and the potential mechanisms of crebanine N-oxide in SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of crebanine N-oxide was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and cellular morphology was observed under a microscope. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. The expression levels of apoptotic-related proteins, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, p53 and Bax, and autophagyrelated proteins p62, beclin1 and LC3 were detected by Western blotting assays. Results: Crebanine N-oxide treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent and timedependent manner via induction of G2-phase cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and autophagy in SGC-7901 cells. Conclusions: Crebanine N-oxide could inhibit the growth of gastric cancer cells by promoting apoptosis and autophagy and could be used as a potential agent for treating gastric cancer.

Clinical research progress of acupuncture and moxibustion and Tuina therapy in the treatment of hemiplegia due to cerebral apoplexy / 国际中医中药杂志

This paper reviews the clinical researches on acupuncture and moxibustion and Tuina therapy for hemiplegia, due to cerebral apoplexy. It is found that acupuncture and Tuina therapy mainly includes acupuncture, moxibustion, massage, electroacupuncture, as well as the combination of acupuncture and Chinese medicine, acupuncture and massage therapy or the combination of modern rehabilitation technics. The researches showed that all treatments have good clinical effect and few adverse reactions. However, most of the researches focus on self-control, and lacks comparability. There stilllacks strict RCT and unified standard of operation scheme. Besides, the researches on the mechanism should be strengthened.

Crebanine N-oxide, a natural aporphine alkaloid isolated from Stephania hainanensis, induces apoptosis and autophagy in human gastric cancer SGC-7901 cells

Objective: To investigate the cytotoxic effects and the potential mechanisms of crebanine N-oxide in SGC-7901 gastric adenocarcinoma cells. Methods: The cytotoxicity of crebanine N-oxide was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide assay and cellular morphology was observed under a microscope. Cell apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry using propidium iodide staining. The expression levels of apoptotic-related proteins, cleaved caspase-3, cytochrome C, p53 and Bax, and autophagy-related proteins p62, beclin1 and LC3 were detected by Western blotting assays. Results: Crebanine N-oxide treatment significantly inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner via induction of G

Synergistic Effect of Baicalin and Wogonoside on NF-κB Signaling Pathway Based on Medium-efficiency Equation / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:Quantitative analysis of anti-inflammatory synergistic pharmacodynamics mechanism of baicalin and wogonoside by medium efficiency principle. Method:inflammatory cell model was constructed by stimulating RAW264.7 cells by lipopolysaccharide （LPS） 100 μg·L-1 in vitro. The experiment was performed in the normal group， the model group， the andrographolide group （10 μmol·L-1）， the baicalin group （2.06，4.13，8.25，16.5，33，66，132 μmol·L-1） and the wogonoside group （2.94，5.88，11.75，23.5，47，94，188 μmol·L-1） and the baicalin-wogonoside combination group ［（2.06+2.94）（4.13+5.88）（8.25+11.75）（16.5+23.5）（33+47）（66+94）（132+188） μmol·L-1］. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） and interleukin-6 （IL-6） in the cell culture supernatants after drug intervention for 50 min and 4 h were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. The level of nitric oxide （NO） in the cell culture supernatant after drug intervention for 24 h were detected by Griess method. Western blot was used to detect the activation levels of phosphorylation of nuclear factor-κB p65（p-NF-κB p65） and inducible nitric oxide synthase（iNOS） in cells after drug intervention for 2 h and 12 h. The fa/fu-dose profile of each indicator was drawn to observe the increase or decrease of effect. Result:Compared with normal group， the expression of p-NF-кB p65， iNOS and cytokines including TNF-α， IL-6 and NO （P<0.05，P<0.01） in the model group were significantly up-regulated. Compared with the model group， each group at high doses could inhibit the phosphorylation of NF-кB p65 protein（P<0.05），the baicalin group and the combined group could down-regulate the expression of iNOS protein in a concentration-dependent manner（P<0.01） and the baicalin group had no obvious inhibitory effect. each administration group at high dose could significantly inhibit the production of NO（P<0.05），but each group had no inhibitory effect on IL-6 production. The baicalin group and the combined group could significantly Inhibit the production of TNF-α（P<0.05） and there was no significant difference between the baicalin group and the model group. At the experimental dose， the fa/fu-dose table showed that the fa/fu value of p-NF-кB p65 and IL-6 in the combined group was not greater than the baicalin group and the wogonoside group. The fa/fu value of iNOS， TNF-α and NO in the combined group is higher than the baicalin group and the wogonoside group. Conclusion:The baicalin and wogonoside have different effects on different targets in the NF-κB pathway. The wogonoside is the main pharmacological substance in this combination and the combination shows different degrees of synergy or antagonism effects on different targets.

Mechanism of Rhein on Renal Toxicity of Mice / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To observe effect of long-term administration of rhein on the kidney toxicity of mice, and explore its possible toxic mechanism, in order to provide some basis for rational clinical drug use and further research. Method:The 30 Kunming mice (half male and half female) were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group, low-dose rhein group and high-dose rhein group (0.175,0.35 g·kg-1), with 10 mice in each group. The intragastric administration lasted for 60 days. During administration, general situations of the mice were observed and recorded. Serum urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (SCr), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected after drug withdrawal. Kidney index was calculated, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and reduced glutathione/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio were measured. The kidneys were collected and histopathologically examined, and the protein expressions of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and cysteine aspartic acid specific protease-3 (Caspase-3) were detected by immunohistochemistry. Result:Compared with the control group of the same sex, BUN and SCr of the administration group increased significantly(PPPPα and Caspase-3 increased significantly(PPPPβ1 was increased(PConclusion:The toxicity of rhein in the kidney of mice was obvious at the dose of 0.35 g·kg-1·d-1, and the toxicity in male organism is more obvious. The mechanism of its potential toxicity may cause the imbalance of glutathione antioxidant system, induce excessive oxidation, trigger inflammatory reaction, activate the expression of Caspase-3, and then induce apoptosis.

Survey of knowledge and practice of residents about schistosomiasis preven-tion and control in endemic areas of Jingzhou City / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the knowledge and practice of residents about schistosomiasis prevention and control in endemic areas of Jingzhou City,Hubei Province after the disease transmission being controlled,so as to provide the valuable in-formation for formulating an efficient health education and intervention strategy.Methods The residents were selected by using the cluster sampling method and investigated with questionnaires in Jiangling County and Gong'an County,Jingzhou City,Hu-bei Province,and the data were analyzed by using the descriptive analysis method,Chi-square tests and logistic regression.Re-sults In a total,826 available questionnaires were obtained with 100% of valid rate.Among them,97.0% of the interviewee knew schistosomiasis,and 86.3% knew that the infection happened by contacting water containing cercariae.The residents in el-der age(41-84 years)had higher awareness rates than the residents in lower age(6-17 years),about the regions of epidemic area(χ 2=57.860),infection route of schistosomiasis(χ 2=87.045),advanced schistosomiasis symptoms(χ 2=27.268)and On-comelania hupensis being as intermediate host(χ 2=55.856)(all P<0.05).The males had higher awareness rates of epidemic areas than the females(χ2=13.442,P<0.05).For personal behavior,36.6% of the interviewee had experience of contacting lake or pond water many times a day,and 66.5% had the willingness to participate in schistosomiasis health education.Conclu-sion In the investigation areas,Jiangling County and Gong'an County,the awareness rates of the residents about schistosomia-sis prevention and control are higher,and we should strengthen the health education and behavior intervention,especially in the students of middle and primary schools to help them have the self-protection ability efficiently.

Effect of the health education of maternal perinatal period by WeChat platform / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective To explore the effect of the health education of maternal perinatal period by WeChat platform. Methods A total of 200 pregnant women were given prenatal examination and delivery in from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2016. They were divided randomly into two groups according to the attendance card number,each with 100 cases.On the basis of the consent of the pregnant women, the observation group took part in the traditional health education lecture and obtained the continuous maternal and infant health knowledge reeducation by WeChat platform.The control group was not concerned with WeChat platform and only participated in the maternal school curriculum. The three periods of questionnaire survey were analyzed to understand the cognitive degree of maternal health, delivery mode selection and neonatal care of two groups. Results The scores of admission and discharge in the observation group were(77.33 ± 9.64)and(85.26 ± 6.55)points respectively,higher than those in the control group(58.65 ± 7.48)and(64.39 ± 4.48)points,the difference was statistically significant(t=15.097,25.949,P<0.01).The satisfaction was 97.96%(96/98)in the observation group,and 93.75%(90/96) in the control group, the difference was significant (χ2=87.58, P<0.01). Conclusions Health education by WeChat platform play a positive role on the health care knowledge of perinatal period, rational choice of delivery mode and neonatal care ability. The natural childbirth, maternal and family participation and satisfaction are promoted too.

Simultaneous determination of six constituents in Jiaotai Pills by HPLC / 中成药

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of six constituents in Jiaotai Pills (Coptidis Rhizoma and Cinnamomi Cortex).METHODS The analysis of 30％ methanol of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ Agilent ZORBAX SB-C1s column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-KH2PO4flowing at 0.8 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 276 nm.RESULTS Epiberberine,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,coptisine hydrochloride,palmatine chloride,berberine hydrochloride and cinnamaldehyde showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.64-41.24 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 9),0.65-43.76 μg/mL (R2 =1.000 0),0.82-52.65 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 9),0.79-50.70 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 9),3.08-197.20 μg/mL (R2=0.999 8) and 0.65-41.65 μg/mL (R2 =0.999 9),whose average recoveries were 98.06％,102.76％,99.27％,99.75％,96.74％ and 101.33％ with the RSDs of 0.56％,0.54％,0.39％,0.55％,0.48％ and 2.14％,respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,sensitive,stable and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Jiaotai Pills.

Intramedullary nailing combined with cannulated screw in treating femoral condyles fractures / 中国骨伤

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the clinical effects of retrograde intramedullary nailing and cannulated screws in the treatment of femoral condylar fracture.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From June 2009 to June 2015, 13 patients with femoral condyles fracture were treated by retrograde intramedullary nailing and cannulated screws including 6 males and 7 females with an average age of 46.1 years old ranging from 16 to 76 years old. There were 10 cases of closed fractures, 3 cases of open fraetures. According to AO classification criteriam, 4 cases were type C1, 7 cases were type C2, 2 cases were type C3. Postoperative reduction of fracture and the knee joint function recovery were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed up for 12 to 36 months with a mean of 24 months. X-ray examination showed that the union time of fracture was 18 to 24 weeks, 21 weeks on average. There were no cases of loosening, breakage of internal fixators and re-fracture. Hospital for Special Surgery(HSS) knee score was 90.07±4.99 at 1 year after the operation.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The clinical efficacy for retrograde intramedullary nailing and cannulated screw for the treatment of femoral condyles fracture was excellent. It can improve the anatomical reattachment rate and reduce the complications and promote the knee functional recovery.</p>

Edaravone Enhances the Viability of Ischemia/reperfusion Flaps / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of the experiment was to study the efficacy of edaravone in enhancing flap viability after ischemia/reperfusion (IR) and its mechanism.Forty-eight adult male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups:control group (n=16),IR group (n=16),and edaravone-treated IR group (n=16).An island flap at left lower abdomen (6.0 cm×3.0 cm in size),fed by the superficial epigastric artery and vein,was created in each rat of all the three groups.The arterial blood flow of flaps in IR group and edaravone-treated IR group was blocked for 10 h,and then the blood perfusion was restored.From 15 min before reperfusion,rats in the edaravone-treated IR group were intraperitoneally injected with edaravone (10 mg/kg),once every 12 h,for 3 days.Rats in the IR group and control group were intraperitoneally injected with saline,with the same method and frequency as the rats in the edaravone-treated IR group.In IR group and edaravone-treated IR group,samples of flaps were harvested after reperfusion of the flaps for 24 h.In the control group,samples of flaps were harvested 34 h after creation of the flaps.The content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined,and changes in organizational structure and infiltration of inflammatory cells were observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining,apoptotic cells of vascular wall were marked by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay,and the apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall was calculated.The ultrastructural changes of vascular endothelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).Seven days after the operation,we calculated the flap viability of each group,and marked vessels of flaps by immunohistochemical staining for calculating the average number of subcutaneous vessels.The results showed that the content of MDA,the number ofmulticore inflammatory cells and apoptotic rate of cells in vascular wall in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly lower than those in the IR group.The activity of SOD,flap viability and average number of subcutaneous vessels in the edaravone-treated IR group were significantly higher than those in the IR group.All the differences were statistically significant.The ultrastructure injury of vascular endothelial cells in the edaravone-treated IR group was slighter than that in IR group.It was concluded that edaravone can significantly enhance IR flap viability and protect flap vessels,which is related to scavenging oxygen free radicals,reducing the consumption of SOD,reducing the extent of lipid peroxidation and inflammation,and protecting functional structure of vessels in the early stages of reperfusion.

CYP2J2 and its metabolites (EETs) attenuate cardiac hypertrophy by activating AMPKα2 and enhancing nuclear translocation of Akt1 / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:Cytochrome P450 epoxygenase 2J2 and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids ( EETs) are known to protect against cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure, which involve activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase ( AMPK) and Akt.Although the functional roles of AMPK and Akt are well established , the significance of crosstalk between them in the development of cardiac hypertrophy and anti -hy-pertrophy of CYP2J2 and EETs remains unclear .Here, we investigated whether CYP 2J2 and its metabolites EETs protected against cardiac hypertrophy by activating AMPKα2 and Akt1.Moreover, we tested whether EETs enhanced crosstalk between AMPKα2 and phosphorylated Akt1 ( p-Akt1), and stimulated the nuclear translocation of p-Akt1, to exert their anti-hypertrophic effects. METHODS:The recombinant rAAV9 vector was coupled to CYP2J2 and the rAAV9-CYP2J2 construct was injected into the caudal vein of AMPKα2-/-and littermate control mice .AMPKα2 -/-and littermate control mice that overexpressed CYP 2J2 in heart were treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) for 2 weeks.Hemodynamic and cardiac functions were also evaluated after 14 days of infusion with Ang II or saline.RESULTS:Interestingly, the overexpression of CYP2J2 suppressed cardiac hypertrophy , including decreased heart size, cross sectional area of cardiomyocytes , markers of cardiac hypertrophy [ brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP) ,β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC) and skeletal muscle α-actin (ACTA1)] and increased levels of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in the heart tissue and plasma of wild-type mice but not AMPKα2 -/-mice.Measurement of left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening showed that CYP2J2 overexpression prevented Ang II-induced ventricular systolic dysfunction in mice .Moreover, an Ang II-induced reduction in cardiac function, demonstrated by decreased dp/dtmax and dp/dtmin, was prevented by overexpression of CYP2J2.Mechanistically, the CYP2J2 metabolites 11,12-EET activated AMPKα2 to induce the nuclear translocation of p-Akt1, which increased production of ANP and thereby inhibited the development of cardiac hypertrophy .Furthermore , by co-immunoprecipitation analysis , we found that full-length Akt1 and an Akt1 fragment containing amino acids 150-408, which constitute the protein kinase domain , but not other frag-ments of Akt1, bind to the AMPKγ1 subunit.AMPKα2β2γ1 and p-Akt1 interact through the direct binding of the AMPKγ1 subunit to the Akt1 protein kinase domain.This interaction was enhanced by 11,12-EET.CONCLUSION:Our studies reveal a novel mechanism in which CYP2J2 and EETs enhanced Akt1 nuclear translocation through interaction with AMPKα2β2γ1 and protect against cardiac hy-pertrophy and suggest that overexpression of CYP 2J2 might have clinical potential to suppress cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure .

Impact of premature rupture of membranes on neonatal complications in preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of premature rupture of the membrane (PROM) on neonatal complications in premature infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The registration information of 7684 preterm infants with gestational age <37 weeks were collected from the cooperative units in the task group between January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2014. Specially trained personnel from each cooperative units filled in the unified form in a standardized format to record the gender, gestational age, birth weight, PROM, placental abruption, antenatal corticosteroid, Apgar score, amniotic fluid pollution, and complications of the infants. The data were analyzed comparatively between the cases with PROM and those without (control).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The preterm mortality rate was significantly lower but the incidences of ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly higher in PROM group than in the control group (P<0.05). The 95% confidence interval of the OR value was <1 for mortality, and was >1 for ICH, NEC, ROP and BPD. After adjustment for gestational age, birth weight, gender, mode of delivery, placental abruption, placenta previa, prenatal hormones, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), gestational period hypertension and 5-min Apgar score <7, the incidences of NEC, ROP and BPD were significantly different between the two groups (P<0.05) with 95% confidence interval of OR value >1, but the mortality rate and incidence of ICH were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>PROM is a risk factor for NEC, ROP and BPD in preterm infants, and adequate intervention of PROM can reduce the incidences of such complications as NEC, ROP and BPD in the infants.</p>

Super-resolution reconstruction for 4-dimensional computed tomography of the lung using graph cuts / 南方医科大学学报

Four-dimensional computer tomography (4D-CT) has a great value in lung cancer radiotherapy for its capability in providing lung information with respiratory motion. We employed a global graph cuts super-resolution (SR) reconstruction method to reconstruct high-resolution lung 4D-CT images. First, the high-resolution images reconstruction energy function was built based on a Maximum a posteriori Markov Random Field (MAP-MRF) formulation. The energy function was then transformed to a graph formulation, which was solved using graph cut algorithm. All the evaluation results showed that this approach outperformed the line interpolation and projection onto convex sets (POCS) approach with an improved structural clarity.